Kajian Sistematis Parameter Learning Analytics Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Framework Evaluasi Learning Management System
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Abstract
Kajian ini memetakan parameter-parameter kunci Learning Analytics (LA) sebagai dasar penyusunan kerangka evaluasi e-learning di pendidikan tinggi. Melalui telaah literatur sistematis (PRISMA) terhadap publikasi 2019–2025, peneliti mengidentifikasi enam rumpun indikator yang saling menopang: keterlibatan (engagement), ketepatan waktu, asesmen dan performa akademik, interaksi sosial, regulasi diri dan arah perilaku, serta tata kelola (privasi, fairness). Temuan menunjukkan pergeseran dari perhitungan aktivitas ke kualitas keterlibatan dan pola temporal/sekuensial yang lebih prediktif, serta meningkatnya kebutuhan model yang dapat dijelaskan dan ditindaklanjuti. Hasil pemetaan dirangkum sebagai kamus parameter berikut panduan ekstraksi (definisi, satuan, jendela waktu) dan starter set indikator yang siap diterapkan. Diusulkan pula kerangka tiga langkah—Data→Indikator, Analitik→Keputusan, dan Umpan Balik Tertutup—untuk menautkan sinyal ke tindakan pedagogis dan evaluasi dampaknya. Kajian ini memberi kontribusi teoretis, praktis, dan strategis bagi perancangan evaluasi e-learning yang adaptif dan akuntabel.
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